As far as deer density goes Jim, when I was in High School
in WI and attending a class in enviromental studies, we learned
that the DNR used gutpiles and droppings as two methods of
counting deer. They used a chain of appropriate length to
give them one side of an acre to mark off a chunk of land on two
sides. After the acre was marked off they would then count the
number of droppings (summer if I remember right) or the
number of gutpiles (shot by hunters and gutted on spot and counted
in late winter or early spring). Both methods used to get density
per acre obviously. Still requires a little leg work though
Could do what I've been doing lately, looking for scrapes on
brush and trees. Fresh stuff gives you an indicator that bucks
are in the area.